Pediatrics
The most common pediatric diseases are as follows:
1. Pneumonia asthma (pneumonia in children) is the most common pediatric disease and the first cause of death in children. The main clinical symptoms are fever, cough, expectoration, shortness of breath and nasal fan. In severe cases, symptoms such as gaping mouth and raised shoulders, dyspnea, pale complexion and cyanotic lips can be seen.
2. Cold (acute upper respiratory tract infection) is a common disease in children, accounting for 70%-80% of pediatric outpatients. Because children’s innate endowment is weak and they are easy to feel wind evil, they can get sick all year round. The peak of incidence is from 6 months to 3 years old, and more than 90% of them are infected with pathogenic microorganisms, which usually cause repeated fever for about 3 days, mostly obvious at night. Children have difficulty in taking medicine, and infusion aggravates pain of children, so their parents suffer from both physical and mental torture.
3. Diarrhea (diarrhea) is a group of diseases caused by multiple pathogens and factors, which is one of the important causes of malnutrition, growth disorder and death in children. In China, because of the improvement of children’s nutritional status and medical conditions, the mortality rate of diarrhea has dropped significantly, but its incidence rate is still high, especially in poor areas. Therefore, diarrhea is one of the key diseases to be prevented and treated in China.
4. Anorexia in children refers to the symptoms of long-term loss of appetite or lack of appetite in children. It is not an independent disease, and patients generally have few symptoms, that is, they have poor appetite for a long time, hate eating, eat significantly less than normal children of the same age, have belching, nausea, epigastric fullness, irregular stool, etc., or are accompanied by pale complexion, thin body, dry mouth and drinking, etc., but their spirits are still good and their activities are as usual. A few children are caused by some chronic diseases, such as peptic ulcer, chronic hepatitis, tuberculosis, long-term constipation, and zinc deficiency. Most of them are caused by bad eating habits, unreasonable eating system, poor eating environment and psychological factors of parents and children.
5. Repeated exogenous fever refers to the frequent occurrence of upper and lower respiratory tract infections within one year, which exceeds the normal range. Its causes include: Weak innate endowment, improper feeding, improper nursing, environmental impact, repeated infection, long-term illness and physical weakness, etc.